Reference library · 140 terms
The Industrial Reference Library
Plain-language, supplier-neutral definitions of the vocabulary used across industrial investment, CAPEX planning, project financing, procurement, custom machinery, automation, project delivery and plant operations.
What this library is
An independent reference set maintained by Global B2B Group, defining 140 terms that recur when industrial buyers plan capital projects, compare equipment options, structure financing and govern delivery. Every definition is written to be neutral between suppliers and between financing institutions.
140 terms
Automation & Production Systems
Automated Guided Vehicle and Autonomous Mobile Robot (AGV / AMR)
Automated Guided Vehicle and Autonomous Mobile Robot (AGV / AMR) are unmanned vehicles used to transport materials within a facility, differing in navigation method and route flexibility.
Project & Equipment Financing
Bankability
Degree to which a project's contracts, cash flows, risk allocation and documentation are sufficiently robust to attract debt financing from commercial lenders.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Basic Engineering Design
Basic engineering design is the early project phase that establishes process flow, major equipment sizing, layout and technical specifications sufficient to define scope and budget.
Procurement & Sourcing
Bill of Quantities (BOQ)
Itemised schedule listing materials, equipment, labour and quantities required for a project, used as the basis for supplier pricing and comparison.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Blast Freezing
Rapid freezing process that exposes product to high-velocity, very low temperature air to pass quickly through the critical crystallisation zone and limit ice crystal damage to cell structure.
Operations & Performance
Bottleneck Analysis
Systematic identification of the production step with the least available capacity relative to demand, since that step limits the maximum output of the entire line.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Brownfield Project
Industrial project carried out within or alongside an existing facility, involving expansion, retrofit or modernisation of existing infrastructure rather than new-site construction.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Business Case
Structured document that justifies a proposed capital investment by presenting its objectives, costs, benefits, risks and expected financial return to decision-makers.
Operations & Performance
Capacity Utilisation
Percentage of a facility's or line's maximum theoretical production capacity that is actually used over a given period, reflecting demand, scheduling and reliability constraints.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Capital Allocation
Process by which an organisation decides how to distribute available capital among competing investment opportunities, including new projects, maintenance and expansion.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
Funds a company commits to acquiring, upgrading or extending the useful life of long-term physical assets such as machinery, buildings or production lines.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
CE Marking
CE marking is a manufacturer's declaration, indicated by a specific symbol, that a machine placed on the European Economic Area market complies with applicable EU health, safety and environmental directives.
Project Delivery & Governance
Change Order
Formal document recording an agreed modification to contract scope, cost or schedule after the original contract has been signed.
Operations & Performance
Changeover Time
Elapsed time a production line is stopped to switch from producing one product variant, size or recipe to another, including cleaning, tooling and validation steps.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Class 5 Cost Estimate
Earliest and least detailed AACE International cost estimate classification, typically accurate to a wide range and used for initial screening of concept-stage industrial projects.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Cold Chain
Continuous sequence of temperature-controlled storage and transport steps that keeps perishable goods within a specified range from production through to final delivery.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Cold Storage Warehouse
Purpose-built facility that maintains chilled or frozen temperatures for stored goods, typically incorporating insulated construction, refrigeration plant and racking designed for low-temperature operation.
Automation & Production Systems
Collaborative Robot (Cobot)
Collaborative Robot (cobot) is a robot designed with features such as force limiting and speed monitoring that allow it to operate in shared workspace with human operators without full physical guarding.
Project Delivery & Governance
Commissioning
Systematic process of testing, adjusting and verifying that installed equipment and systems operate together as designed before handover to operations.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Contingency Budget
Reserve of funds set aside within a project budget to cover identified and unidentified risks, cost estimate uncertainty and unforeseen changes during execution.
Operations & Performance
Continuous Improvement
Ongoing, incremental process of identifying and implementing small operational improvements to quality, efficiency or safety, rather than relying solely on large periodic upgrades.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CA Storage)
Storage method that regulates oxygen, carbon dioxide and sometimes humidity levels within a sealed chamber to slow respiration and extend the shelf life of fresh produce.
Automation & Production Systems
Conveying System
Conveying system is equipment that transports materials or products between process stations using mechanisms such as belts, rollers, chains or pneumatic transfer, without manual handling.
Project & Equipment Financing
Credit Insurance
Insurance policy that protects a seller or lender against the risk of non-payment by a buyer, commonly used to support export sales and trade financing of industrial equipment.
Project Delivery & Governance
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Scheduling technique that identifies the longest sequence of dependent activities determining the minimum possible duration of a project.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Custom Machinery
Custom machinery refers to production equipment designed and built to satisfy a buyer's specific process, product or facility requirements rather than a generic market offering.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Cycle Time
Cycle time is the elapsed time required for a machine or process step to complete one full repeatable operation, from the start of one unit to the start of the next.
Project & Equipment Financing
Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
Financial ratio comparing a project's or company's available cash flow to its scheduled debt service obligations, used by lenders to assess repayment capacity.
Operations & Performance
Decarbonisation of Manufacturing
Set of measures taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industrial production, including electrification, energy efficiency, renewable energy sourcing and process redesign.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Detailed Engineering
Detailed engineering is the project phase that converts basic design outputs into fully dimensioned drawings, control philosophy and component specifications ready for fabrication and procurement.
Project & Equipment Financing
Development Finance Institution (DFI)
Specialised institution, often government-backed or multilateral, that provides long-term financing and guarantees for projects intended to support economic development, frequently in emerging markets.
Automation & Production Systems
Digital Twin
Digital twin is a virtual model of a physical machine, line or facility that is kept synchronised with real operational data to support simulation, monitoring or predictive analysis.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
Valuation method that estimates the present value of an asset or project by discounting its projected future cash flows using a chosen discount rate.
Automation & Production Systems
End-of-Arm Tooling (EOAT)
End-of-Arm Tooling (EOAT) is the task-specific device, such as a gripper, vacuum cup array or welding torch, mounted on a robot's wrist to interact directly with the product or workpiece.
Operations & Performance
Energy Intensity
Ratio of total energy consumed to a unit of output, such as kilowatt-hours per tonne produced, used to benchmark and track process energy efficiency.
Project Delivery & Governance
Engineering, Procurement and Construction Contract (EPC)
Contract structure under which a single contractor assumes responsibility for detailed engineering, equipment and material procurement, and construction of a facility for an agreed price.
Project & Equipment Financing
Equipment Financing
Financing arrangement in which a lender provides funds specifically to purchase machinery or equipment, typically secured by the equipment itself as collateral.
Project & Equipment Financing
Export Credit Agency (ECA)
Government-backed or government-supported institution that provides financing, guarantees or insurance to support the export of a country's goods and services, including industrial equipment.
Project Delivery & Governance
Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)
Formal verification test conducted at the supplier's manufacturing facility to confirm equipment meets agreed specifications before shipment to site.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Factory Expansion
Capital project that increases a facility's production capacity, footprint or product range through added lines, buildings or equipment within or adjacent to an existing plant.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Feasibility Study
Structured assessment of the technical, commercial, financial and operational viability of a proposed industrial project before significant capital commitment is made.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Feed Mill
Industrial facility that grinds, mixes and processes raw agricultural ingredients into formulated compound feed for livestock, poultry or aquaculture species, typically finished through a pelleting line.
Project & Equipment Financing
Finance Lease
Lease structure that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset to the lessee, typically over a term approximating the asset's useful life.
Project & Equipment Financing
Financial Close
Point at which all financing agreements for a project become effective and conditions precedent are satisfied, allowing funds to begin being drawn for construction or procurement.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Fish Processing Line
Sequence of processing stations that transform whole harvested fish into graded, filleted, packed or frozen products, typically including reception, sorting, filleting, freezing and packaging steps.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Food Processing Plant
Industrial facility where raw agricultural, fisheries or livestock inputs are converted into packaged or bulk food products through mechanical, thermal or chemical processing steps.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Functional Safety
Functional safety is the part of overall machine safety that depends on control systems, sensors and logic operating correctly to detect hazards and bring equipment to a safe state.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
General Arrangement Drawing (GA Drawing)
General Arrangement Drawing (GA drawing) is a scaled drawing showing the overall dimensions, footprint and spatial layout of a machine or production line within a facility.
Project & Equipment Financing
Grant Funding
Non-repayable financial support provided by a government, multilateral body or other institution toward a project, typically awarded to advance defined policy or development objectives.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Greenfield Project
Industrial development built on previously undeveloped land, requiring new site infrastructure, utilities, permits and construction rather than modification of an existing facility.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Greenhouse Project
Capital investment in a controlled or semi-controlled growing structure equipped with climate management, irrigation and, in advanced installations, supplemental lighting to enable year-round or off-season crop production.
Project Delivery & Governance
Handover Documentation
Complete set of technical, operational and safety records delivered to the buyer at project completion, enabling operation, maintenance and future modification of the asset.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Hatchery Systems
Equipment and facility systems used to incubate eggs and rear early-stage animals, such as poultry chicks or fish fry, under controlled temperature, humidity and, in aquaculture, water quality conditions.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
Systematic food safety management approach that identifies biological, chemical and physical hazards in a production process and defines critical control points where risk must be monitored and controlled.
Automation & Production Systems
Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is the operator-facing display and control panel that allows personnel to monitor status, adjust parameters and respond to alarms on a machine or process.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Hurdle Rate
Minimum rate of return a project must achieve to be considered acceptable for investment, commonly set with reference to a company's cost of capital and project risk.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Hydroponic System
Soilless crop production method that delivers nutrients directly to plant roots through a water-based solution, using media, film or aeroponic techniques within a controlled growing environment.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Hygienic Design
Hygienic design refers to equipment design principles that minimise microbial and contamination risk by eliminating crevices, ensuring drainability and using cleanable materials and surface finishes.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Hygienic Processing Zone
Designated area within a food or pharmaceutical facility built and operated to elevated sanitation standards to minimise contamination risk to exposed or ready-to-eat product.
Procurement & Sourcing
Incoterms
Standardised set of trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce defining which party bears cost, risk and responsibility at each stage of shipment.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Industrial Asset Lifecycle
Full sequence of stages an industrial asset passes through, from planning and acquisition through operation, maintenance and eventual replacement or decommissioning.
Automation & Production Systems
Industrial Automation
Industrial automation is the use of control systems, robotics and information technology to operate production equipment and processes with reduced manual intervention.
Automation & Production Systems
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to networks of connected sensors, devices and machines that collect and exchange operational data to support monitoring, analytics and automation across a facility.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Industrial Logistics Hub
Strategically located facility or cluster of facilities combining warehousing, transport connectivity and often cross-docking capability to consolidate and distribute goods across a region or supply chain.
Automation & Production Systems
Industrial Robot
Industrial robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in multiple axes, used for material handling, assembly, welding, packaging or similar manufacturing tasks.
Operations & Performance
Industrial Sustainability
Management of a facility's environmental, resource and social impact, covering energy, water, waste and emissions, alongside conventional cost and output performance objectives.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Ingress Protection Rating (IP Rating)
Ingress Protection Rating (IP rating) is a two-digit code defined by IEC 60529 indicating the degree of protection an enclosure provides against solid objects and liquid ingress.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Discount rate at which the net present value of a project's projected cash flows equals zero, used to express an investment's expected annualised return.
Operations & Performance
Labour Productivity
Ratio of production output to labour input, commonly expressed as units or tonnes produced per worker-hour, used to evaluate workforce efficiency and automation returns.
Procurement & Sourcing
Lead Time
Elapsed time between order confirmation and delivery or readiness of equipment for shipment, encompassing engineering, manufacturing, testing and logistics.
Operations & Performance
Lean Manufacturing
Management approach focused on eliminating non-value-adding activity, or waste, from production processes while maintaining or improving output quality and flexibility.
Project & Equipment Financing
Letter of Credit (LC)
Payment instrument issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer, guaranteeing payment to a seller upon presentation of specified documents that confirm contractual obligations have been met.
Automation & Production Systems
Line Integration
Line integration is the engineering work of connecting individual machines, often from different suppliers, into a coordinated production line with unified controls, communication and material flow.
Project & Equipment Financing
Loan-to-Value (LTV)
Ratio expressing the amount of a loan as a percentage of the appraised value of the asset securing it, used by lenders to assess collateral risk.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Machine Capability Study
Machine capability study is a statistical assessment of a machine's ability to consistently produce output within specified tolerances under short-term controlled conditions.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Machine Design Cycle
Machine design cycle describes the sequence of stages, from concept through basic design, detailed design, build, testing and handover, that a piece of custom equipment passes through.
Automation & Production Systems
Machine Vision
Machine vision is the use of cameras and image-processing algorithms to automatically inspect, measure, guide or identify objects within an industrial process.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Machinery Directive
Machinery Directive is the European Union legal framework setting essential health and safety requirements that machinery must satisfy before being placed on the EEA market.
Automation & Production Systems
Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is software that manages and tracks production orders, work-in-progress, quality data and material consumption on the shop floor in real time.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Material Handling System
Combination of equipment such as conveyors, automated guided vehicles, cranes and racking used to move, store and control the flow of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods within a facility.
Operations & Performance
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
Average operating time expected between one failure of a repairable system and the next, used as a reliability indicator for equipment and components.
Project Delivery & Governance
Mechanical Completion
Project milestone confirming that all equipment and systems are physically installed, connected and inspected in accordance with design, prior to commissioning activities beginning.
Project Delivery & Governance
Milestone Schedule
Summary schedule identifying key project dates and deliverables, such as design approval, factory acceptance, delivery and commissioning, used for high-level tracking.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Net Present Value (NPV)
Sum of a project's projected future cash flows, each discounted to present value at a chosen rate, minus the initial capital investment.
Project & Equipment Financing
Offtake Agreement
Long-term contract in which a buyer agrees to purchase a defined quantity of a project's future output, providing revenue certainty used to support project financing.
Project & Equipment Financing
Operating Lease
Lease arrangement under which the lessor retains substantially the risks and rewards of ownership, typically covering a period shorter than the asset's full useful life.
Project Delivery & Governance
Operational Readiness
State in which personnel, procedures, spare parts, documentation and systems are all in place for a facility to begin and sustain normal production operation.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
OPEX vs CAPEX
Accounting distinction between operating expenditure, which is expensed as incurred, and capital expenditure, which is capitalised and depreciated over an asset's useful life.
Operations & Performance
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Composite performance metric combining availability, performance and quality rates to express how effectively a production asset converts planned time into good output.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Packaging Line
Sequence of automated or semi-automated equipment that fills, seals, labels and cases finished product, typically the final production stage before palletising and warehouse dispatch.
Automation & Production Systems
Palletizing System
Palletizing system is equipment, either robotic or mechanical, that arranges and stacks finished cases or products onto pallets in a defined pattern for storage or shipment.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Payback Period
Length of time required for the cumulative cash flows generated by an investment to equal its initial capital outlay, expressed in months or years.
Procurement & Sourcing
Payment Milestones
Predefined points in a contract at which agreed portions of payment become due, typically linked to design approval, manufacturing progress, shipment and acceptance.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Pelleting Line
Processing sequence within a feed mill that compresses conditioned mash into dense pellets using a pellet press, followed by cooling, screening and, where required, coating.
Procurement & Sourcing
Performance Bond
Financial guarantee issued by a bank or insurer on a supplier's behalf, compensating the buyer if the supplier fails to fulfil contractual obligations.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Plant Modernization
Upgrade of existing production facilities or equipment to improve efficiency, quality, safety or compliance without necessarily increasing overall production capacity.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Poultry Processing Plant
Facility that converts live poultry into dressed carcasses, cuts or further-processed products through slaughter, evisceration, chilling, cutting and packaging stages under regulated hygiene conditions.
Automation & Production Systems
Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance is a maintenance strategy that uses condition data, such as vibration, temperature or current signatures, to estimate equipment health and schedule maintenance before failure occurs.
Operations & Performance
Preventive Maintenance (PM)
Planned maintenance programme performed at predetermined intervals or usage thresholds to reduce the probability of unplanned equipment failure.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a schematic representation of the major process steps, equipment items and material flows in a production system, without piping or instrumentation detail.
Industrial Investment & CAPEX
Production Capacity Planning
Process of forecasting demand and determining the equipment, staffing and facility capacity needed to meet it within a defined planning horizon.
Automation & Production Systems
Production Line
Production line is a sequence of interconnected machines and process stations arranged to transform raw materials or components into finished products in a defined flow.
Automation & Production Systems
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial digital computer designed to execute control logic reliably in real time for machinery and process automation in harsh factory environments.
Project & Equipment Financing
Project Finance
Financing structure in which lenders are repaid primarily from the cash flows generated by a specific project, with recourse limited mainly to the project's assets and contracts.
Project Delivery & Governance
Project Governance
Structure of roles, decision rights, reporting lines and controls established to oversee an industrial project from approval through completion.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Prototype and Pilot Line
Prototype and pilot line refers to a reduced-scale or pre-production version of a manufacturing process used to validate design, process parameters and product quality before committing to full-scale investment.
Project & Equipment Financing
Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
Long-term arrangement between a government entity and a private company to finance, build and often operate infrastructure or industrial facilities that serve a public purpose.
Project Delivery & Governance
Punch List
Itemised list of outstanding defects, incomplete work or deviations from specification identified during inspection, requiring correction before final acceptance.
Project Delivery & Governance
Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
Documented set of procedures, inspection points and acceptance criteria defining how quality will be verified throughout design, manufacture and installation.
Industrial Sectors & Facilities
Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS)
Land-based fish farming system that filters and reuses the majority of its water through mechanical, biological and often disinfection stages, minimising freshwater intake compared with flow-through systems.
Procurement & Sourcing
Request for Information (RFI)
Preliminary buyer inquiry used to gather general capability, capacity and technology information from potential suppliers before formal tendering begins.
Procurement & Sourcing
Request for Proposal (RFP)
Buyer-issued document inviting suppliers to propose a technical approach, methodology and price for a problem or objective that is not yet fully specified.
Procurement & Sourcing
Request for Quotation (RFQ)
Buyer-issued document requesting priced offers from potential suppliers for a defined scope of equipment or services, based on fixed or largely fixed specifications.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Retrofit Engineering
Retrofit engineering is the design and installation of upgraded components, controls or subsystems into existing machinery to extend service life, improve performance or meet updated standards.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering is the process of analysing an existing physical component, machine or assembly to recreate its design data, drawings or specifications when original documentation is unavailable.
Project Delivery & Governance
Risk Register
Documented log of identified project risks, including likelihood, impact, ownership and mitigation actions, maintained and reviewed throughout project execution.
Project & Equipment Financing
Sale-and-Leaseback
Financing transaction in which a company sells an asset it owns, such as equipment or a facility, and simultaneously leases it back to continue using it operationally.
Procurement & Sourcing
Scope of Supply
Contractual description of the equipment, services, deliverables and responsibilities a supplier is obligated to provide under an agreement.
Procurement & Sourcing
Should-Cost Analysis
Independent estimate of what a piece of equipment or service should reasonably cost, built from materials, labour, overhead and margin assumptions.
Project Delivery & Governance
Site Acceptance Test (SAT)
Formal verification test performed after equipment installation at the buyer's site, confirming it operates correctly under actual site conditions and integrations.
Procurement & Sourcing
Spare Parts Package
Predefined set of components supplied alongside equipment to support commissioning, early operation and ongoing maintenance without extended supplier lead times.
Operations & Performance
Spare Parts Strategy
Planned approach to identifying, stocking and sourcing replacement components based on criticality, lead time and failure risk to limit unplanned downtime.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Special Purpose Machine (SPM)
Special Purpose Machine (SPM) denotes equipment engineered for one defined process or product family rather than adapted from a standard catalogue design.
Project Delivery & Governance
Stakeholder Management
Structured process of identifying, engaging and communicating with parties who affect or are affected by a project, including buyers, suppliers, regulators and local communities.
Automation & Production Systems
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a software system that monitors and controls distributed industrial processes by collecting data from field controllers and presenting it for centralised operator oversight.
Procurement & Sourcing
Supplier Neutrality
Principle that a sourcing process, platform or advisor evaluates and presents qualified suppliers without favouring any particular manufacturer or vendor.
Procurement & Sourcing
Supplier Qualification
Structured assessment of a supplier's technical capability, financial stability, quality systems and track record before it is invited to tender or contracted.
Operations & Performance
Takt Time
Maximum allowable time per unit of production needed to match the pace of customer demand, calculated by dividing available production time by required output.
Procurement & Sourcing
Technical Specification
Structured document describing the functional, performance, materials, and interface requirements an item of equipment or system must meet.
Procurement & Sourcing
Tender Evaluation Matrix
Structured scoring tool used to compare competing supplier bids against weighted technical, commercial and risk criteria in a consistent, auditable manner.
Engineering & Custom Machinery
Throughput
Throughput is the actual quantity of product a machine, line or facility produces over a defined period, expressed as units, mass or volume per unit time.
Procurement & Sourcing
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
Sum of acquisition, operating, maintenance and disposal costs of an asset over its useful life, used to compare purchase options beyond initial price.
Project Delivery & Governance
Turnkey Project
Project delivery model in which a single contractor is responsible for design, procurement, construction and commissioning, handing over a facility ready for operation.
Operations & Performance
Utility Consumption
Total quantity of electricity, water, steam, compressed air or fuel consumed by a facility or production line over a given period, expressed in absolute units.
Project & Equipment Financing
Vendor Financing
Financing arrangement in which an equipment supplier or its affiliated finance arm extends credit terms directly to the buyer to facilitate the equipment purchase.
Automation & Production Systems
Warehouse Automation
Warehouse automation is the application of automated storage, retrieval and material handling technology to receive, store, pick and dispatch goods with reduced manual handling.
Procurement & Sourcing
Warranty Terms
Contractual provisions defining the period and conditions under which a supplier is obligated to repair or replace equipment found defective after delivery.
Project Delivery & Governance
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Hierarchical decomposition of a project's total scope into progressively smaller, manageable work packages used for planning, costing and scheduling.
Project & Equipment Financing
Working Capital Facility
Short-term financing arrangement, often revolving, that provides a company with funds to cover day-to-day operating expenses such as inventory, payroll and receivables.
Operations & Performance
Yield and Scrap Rate
Pair of quality metrics expressing the proportion of input material converted into acceptable finished product versus the proportion lost as scrap, rework or waste.
Browse A–Z
A
B
C
- Capacity Utilisation
- Capital Allocation
- Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
- CE Marking
- Change Order
- Changeover Time
- Class 5 Cost Estimate
- Cold Chain
- Cold Storage Warehouse
- Collaborative Robot (Cobot)
- Commissioning
- Contingency Budget
- Continuous Improvement
- Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CA Storage)
- Conveying System
- Credit Insurance
- Critical Path Method (CPM)
- Custom Machinery
- Cycle Time
D
E
F
G
H
I
L
M
N
O
P
- Packaging Line
- Palletizing System
- Payback Period
- Payment Milestones
- Pelleting Line
- Performance Bond
- Plant Modernization
- Poultry Processing Plant
- Predictive Maintenance
- Preventive Maintenance (PM)
- Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
- Production Capacity Planning
- Production Line
- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
- Project Finance
- Project Governance
- Prototype and Pilot Line
- Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
- Punch List